Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 15

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 15

A man who has mercy and compassion for all creatures is religious for sure. He does not require any religious symbol or sign to prove his religiousness.

A guru who shows his disciple the path of righteousness leaves a huge debt. It cannot be payed back as none of the physical objects is so precious.

There are two ways to deal with wicked people and thorns. One is to crush them under your boot and other is to stay away from them.

One who wears dirty clothes, has filthy teeth, oversleeps, and uses foul language. Such person cannot gain prosperity and good health.

When a person looses money. then his woman, friends, servants, and relatives also move away. Upon regaining money they will try to come back. This means that money is your ultimate relative in this physical world.

The wealth earned by unjust means will perish for sure.

A wrong act done by a person with power is hailed and many times is justified. On the other hand, a good task done by a poor might not grab that much attention.

Even if a gem be placed on foot and a mirror on head,. Still, the gem will not loose its value.

The knowledge in holy scriptures is like a huge sea. For a man with busy like it will not be possible to read and understand everything. He must act like a swan i.e. attain what is useful and leave the rest.

If a man neglects a hungry and tired traveler that came to him in hope for some food and himself begins eating. Surely, such person is a charlatan.

If a man recites religious scriptures without bothering to understand the ideas being stated. Such person is not better than a ladle that is dipped in all kinds of food, but is unable to taste even one.

Frequent visitors loose respect. For example: Moon appears so bright until it enters home of Sun (on daily basis) .

Greed is the root cause of troubles. A black bee enjoys nectar from a lotus flower, but in search of more it goes to forests and paddy fields where it gets hurt from thorns of different flowers.

The bond of love is supreme and has a very significant impact on life of a person. A black bee can drill hole in hard wood, but gets trapped in lotus flower. It can get its freedom quite easily, but it hesitates to hurt the flower.

The fragrance of sandalwood remains even upon chopping it, a bull-elephant does not stops mating even in old age, and sugarcane tastes sweet even upon being crushed. Such is the nature of a high-class men that remains unchanged even in poverty.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 14

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 14

In this world there are only three gems. They are water, food grains, and good language. On the other hand fools consider those stones to be precious gems.

Poverty, diseases, conflicts, and other problems in life are nothing, but the fruits from tree of ones own misdeeds.

You can earn money after losing it, you can make new friends, and also you can get another wife, but this is not the case with body. [take good care of your health]

Numerous straws reunite together to frame a thatch to provide protection against rain. In the same manner, when men unite together to form an army they can easily vanquish the enemy. In other words, “Unity possesses great strength”.

The following have great tendency to spread. They are oil on water, a secret with a man of unjust character, donation to a worthy man, and learning of a wise person. [Yep! oil spreads on surface of water, a wicked person will reveal your secret to everyone, donation to right kind of person will add to your glory, and a wise man keeps on learning]

One becomes enlightened and awaken on listening to the religious talks and sermons, on attending some funeral, and on falling sick severely. [... how many of us think about God only when in pain. It is not strange and very true fact]

Normally, a man regrets upon his act of sin after accomplishing it. If same wisdom be shown before doing the action then the man will definitely attain Nirvana.

There is no need to get satisfied with knowledge, act of charity, politeness, penance, and worldly wisdom. As this worlds is full of such gems and you cannot get enough of them. [i.e. always a chance for doing better.]

Is someone lives in heart of someone then distances don’t matter. On other hand a person who has no place in heart doesn’t matter, even upon being physically near.

It will be good for you to not get too close to a king, fire, and women. Also, don’t stay too far from them otherwise you will get deprived of the rewards. [... maintain the balance in life, of life and for life]

One must cautiously deal with fire, woman, fool, snake, and members of royalty. They may prove fatal.

Only a capable man who lives life as per principles of religion is alive in real senses . If not, then the person is living a life of no use.

A really wise man is well aware about the art of speaking, he talks as per situation, speak the words that add to his fame, and shows anger in accordance with the power he possesses.

The three views of three beings for a very beautiful woman were. She will be equivalent to a corpse for some Yogi. A lustful man will consider her as an object of desire. For a dog, she will be nothing, but a lump of meat. [... contains very deep meaning. Discretion advised]

A wise man will never reveal his secret to anyone. He won’t discuss formula of his secret medicine, his religious resolves, problem in family, consumption of bad food, and his sexual acts. Also, he will not indulge himself in such discussions. (specially the ill talks about others) [... I know you have a lot of important tasks to perform and care for time. Dont you!]

A cuckoo bird will not sing until arrival of spring i.e. there is a right time for different tasks.

O man! you must leave the company of wicked persons and must come closer to noble fellows. You must do good deeds all day and night with faith in God because this world will perish one day. [not on the dooms day, but with your end, your world will also end at that very instance]

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 13

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 13

The points stated below contain ideas illustrated in the 13th chapter of Chanakya Neeti . Have a look …

It is better to live a small life (three quarters of an hour) doing good deeds than living a sinful life for thousands of years. It is your acts that count, not your life span.

One must not be afraid of future, nor shall regret upon past. Wise men concentrate on utilizing the present to frame a brighter future.

Good people, deity, and your father will not be demanding anything. You can satisfy your kith and kins by offering them good food, and for satisfying a learned men you will just require a few polite words of wisdom.

The nature of noble people is quite strange i.e. instead of acting arrogant upon attaining wealth they bow down in humility and act more modestly and respectfully.

One must give up infatuations in order to remain happy and to gain control of his life. Infatuation is the root cause of many troubles and worries.

One who plans and prepares himself to face challenges and difficulties is most likely to succeed against problems in life. On the other hand, if a man leaves everything on luck then he will perish for sure.

If a king is religious then his subjects will also be religious, if a king is sinful then his subjects will also be sinful. Also, the subjects of a careless king will also be careless. The conclusion is that “As as king will be, so will be his subjects”

A man without religion is living dead, while a religious man lives even after his death. [Also, to be noted that Chanakya said that "The greatest religion is of humanity"]

Like the udders on neck of a goat, the life of a person is totally useless if he has no wealth, no love, is devoid of religion with no hope of salvation.

It is characteristic of lowly people that they enjoy belittling successful people and feel jealous.

The attitude of a person plays very significant role in his life. At instances he finds himself bound by the wordily desires and with a slight change in state of mind he can also set himself free.

It is not possible to fulfill each and every desire. Your fate will not be able to serve them all. The solution is that the man must feel satisfaction in whatever possessions he had. [Must not confuse it with sate of inaction and feeling contented]

Even in the heard of thousands of cow the calf finds its mother. In save way the acts of a person follow him i.e. you can’t run from your deeds.

A disorganized person finds no peace no matter where he goes. In civilized society he faces the criticism of others and if in forest he will feel lonely.

Like you get water on digging, in same way on serving/comforting your guru you will gain knowledge. [There is a difference between preacher, teacher and Guru]

Each individual gets rewarded as per his deeds. This is why wise men think about the outcome before indulging themselves into any task.

One who don’t show respect to God, takes hundred births in yoni of a dog and then is born as a charlatan.

In the end the mighty sumeru mountain will be uprooted from its base and the land will be wiped away by sea. Even then the superior persons will be standing firm on their resolve to fulfill the promises done.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 12

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 12

The lines stated below contains the ideas stated in 12th chapter of Chanakya Neeti. Have a look …

Such home is endowed with divine favor of God where sons & daughter obey orders , the housewife is sweet tongued, family members are hardworking, the money is earned with honesty and is sufficient to fulfill their needs, food is in surplus, servants are faithful, guests are welcomed, and is often visited by learned spiritual teachers.

O king, a person who donate a little of his earning to deserving Brahmins (full time involvement in spreading enlightenment in the society with charity as the only way of their livelihood) attracts multiple amount of his donation in different ways by the grace of almighty God.

The world is maintained by good people who are polite and helpful to their near ones, people who are compassionate to deserving fellows, who show no mercy to wicked, face powerful opponent with bravery, who show respect to learned scholars, show reverence to parent and guru, and who are good at tackling women in a wise manner instead of putting complete trust in them.

Chanakya compares such man to Jackal and calls him the lowliest; whose hands do not come forward for charity, ears do not listen the sermons in holy scriptures, eyes never focus on saints, legs do not move the path of pilgrimage, who earn money by unjust means, and who do not take care of their parent or guru.

Fate is a very strong component in life. Chanakya expresses this opinion by giving following examples:
You cannot blame spring for taking away the leaves from a Karel tree. (A rare leafless tree)
An owl cannot see in daylight and none can be blamed for this.
In same manner you cannot blame the cloud if the raindrop does not fall in the open beak of Chatak bird. (As per mythology Chatak bird only drinks the rain drops that fall at time of Swati Nakshatra. For this it opens its beak and waits for drop to fall in it.)

[Take note that those lines did not said that destiny is everything. ]

A good person can inculcate goodness in a bad person, but the badness of a bad is unlikely to be transferred in nature of a good person. The fragrance of a flower might leave its effect on soil beneath. but the flower never attains the murky smell from soil.

[In an other verse of Chanakya Neeti it has been said that you cannot turn a real wicked to some nice person. The thing to be noted is that both are correct in their own contexts]

Beholding a sadhu is like an instant pilgrimage for which you don’t even require visiting a holy place.


A traveler goes to a new city (a bad town) where he asks following questions to a wise man and receives following replies.
Who is greatest in your village? The man replied that the ‘Toody’ trees is greatest as all men fall on the ground after consuming its milky intoxicant.
Who performs greatest charity? … The Washerman takes clothes of men in morning and returns those in evening. [no charity]
Who is most clever? … all men consider themselves as clever and are engaged in cheating one other for money and women.

… And how do you survive at such place? The wise man says … I am just like an insect who is born in filth, lives in it and dies in filth.

* The passage above is a satire stating the condition of a state without law & order. Where people drink, cheat, do no charity, and have adapted themselves to such situation.

Once a divine saint was asked about his family. He replied that his mother is truth, knowledge is his master, religion is as brother, kindness as sister, peace as wife, and tolerance to be his son.

Festivals (very happy moments) for a:
cow is to find a green pasture.
Brahmin is to receive an invitation for meal.
a women is to see her husband recovering.
but… for me the festival is to have faith in God.

A person who considers women of others as mother, wealth of others as dirt, and one who sees his own soul in all living creatures; is the person who has really found the truth.

One who always abides by religion, is a polite speaker, is always interested in acts of charity, is/has a faithful friend, show respect to any good advice, respects guru, full of knowledge, and have faith in almighty is a noble soul for sure.

O lord Rama, there is no point in comparing you with anyone. [a simple explanation for a longer verse ]

One must learn decency from princes, speech from scholars, art of bluffing from gamblers, and cunningness from a woman.

One who overspends money without planning, who provokes the stronger opponent, and one who desires relationship with all kinds of women will definitely go for a quick destruction.

One must not worry about meals and must perform his duties. It is God who will arrange food for you. [Something closely related to Karma Theory of Bhagvad Gita. Action is supreme and person devoted to his duty is unlikely to face such trouble. The line has nothing to do with inaction]

A pitcher can be filled drop-by-drop and so is the case with your wealth.

A person with evil nature is unlikely to change even after gaining maturity. So is the case with a bitter pumpkin that does not taste sweet even upon ripening. [A class of such persons do exists.]

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 11

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 11

This article contains the ideas illustrated in the 11th chapter of Chanakya Neeti. Have a look …

The natural tendencies for charity, basic logic, politeness, and ability to bear pain cannot be taught to anyone. Either you have them or don’t.

A person who leaves his community to join another community is likely to face quick destruction. Same will be the case with king who don’t cares for his subjects.

A small goad controls a giant elephant, a small lamp destroys a great deal of darkness, a small hammer can break huge mountain. Their size is insignificant to the purpose they solve.

A student who continuously thinks about comforts of home (homesick) will not be able to gain knowledge. One with greed cannot be truthful. One who debauch cannot acquire piety.

The taste of Neem will remain bitter even on irrigating it with milk and butter. Same is the case with a wicked soul i.e. no advice can change his mind.

If the mind of a person is filled with evil thoughts then any number of pilgrimages won’t cut his/her sins.

It is no surprise that a person with incomplete knowledge will try to debate and argue the men with true knowledge. This can be understood from example of a tribal woman who rejects precious gems and selects cheap beads for decoration.

The person who does not speaks for a whole year and who only opens his mouth to eat will enjoy heavenly pleasure of about 10 million years. (The simple explanation is that , “silence is gold”. Men who speak too much reveal their secrets to other and face problem.)

A real student refrains himself from love, flattery, anger, infatuations, preening, entertainment, and oversleeping.

A person who consumes single meal in a day, has control over his mind, performs his religious duties, and who involves with his wife for offspring (not mere pleasure) is a true ‘Brahmin’. A Brahmin who involves himself in trade, raises cattle, does agriculture, is a mercenary Brahmin.. One who deals in lac, indigo, flower, meat , wine, and honey belong to lowest class. [Discretion Advised]

One who spoils the work of others, is egoistic, treacherous, selfish, and jealous, but tries to present himself as honest and polite cannot be a ‘Brahmin’ but a cat.

A wise men will never desecrate any kind of water. Be it in a well, pond, river, garden, or temple.

One who steals from his guru or from temples, engages with wives of others is nothing but a Charlatan.

Even the bees have to repent for storing too much honey which they collect after putting so much courage and hardwork. In same manner the people who don’t do charity face heavy losses. The kings gain glory on helping the needy and their names survive till date.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 10

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 10

A man without money is not poor in comparison to a man without knowledge.

A person must walk with his eyes open, must drink clean water, speak words with wisdom, and must perform an action only after thinking about pros & cons.

A crow can eat anything, a poet is capable of imagining anything, a woman can do anything, and a drunkard can say anything.

If you are looking for knowledge then give-up the hope for finding comfort. (Maybe, after getting Wisdom … lol )

Fate plays a significant role in life of a person. It can turn a king to beggar and vice-versa.

A greedy person consider beggars to be his enemy, a woman with loose character considers her husband as enemy and a thief considers moon to be his enemy. In same manner a fool treats the person who advice him.

Chanakya says … who don’t have knowledge, who don’t perform good deeds, don’t do charity, are not kind, lack in politeness, and are not merciful; are not humans, but beasts.

As per Chanakya Niti, it is a waste to advice some foolish person. Your words won’t change the person’s nature. Like the fragrant wind passing through forest of sandal wood does not make any impact on odor of a bamboo tree.

A foolish person cannot gain benefits from a books like a blind man with mirror.

Chanakya says that it better to live in forest with wild beasts, it is better to consume wild berries, it is better to sleep on bed of thorns than living in poverty with your kith and kins.

… One must protect the roots, If the root is destroyed then the tree will fall.

Different kinds of birds come together on a tree to spend night and then fly away in all directions when morning arrives. One most not regret about his or someone’s separation from family.

The power of brain is supreme and strength comes afterwards. You must be aware about the story of a lion who was killed by a rabbit.

The whole world is like a family and Lord Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi are like parents to all of us.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 9

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 9

Need not to mention that Chanakya Niti is a remarkable Book. Below are some of the learnings that can be derived from what is stated in its chapter 9. Have a look …

Any person aiming at deliverance must quit his bad habits and addiction as if they are poison. One must consider tolerance, forgiveness, patience, kindness and trust as nector i.e. include those qualities in life.

People who are not good at keeping their secrets and who use fouls language meet quick destruction. Just like a snake trapped in a mothhill will die for sure.

Lord Brahma create gold without fragrance, did not added sweet fruits to sugarcane, and did not added flowers in sandalwood tree. In same manner he did not granted wealth to scholars and a longer life to kings. It appears as if the advisers in his council are not so good. [Simply a satire ]

It is commonly believed that nector is king of all medicines, food is the most satisfying thing, eye is the queen of all sensory organs, and head is most useful body part.

A student, servant, guard, starving person, and a traveler must be woken up when they are at duty.

One must never disturb them while sleeping. They are tiger, king, child, others dog, serpent, and pig. Let them sleep.

A man who recites scriptures just for making money and who has no problem in receiving alms from lowly people looses his respect permanently. People will begin treating him as an insignificant snake with no venom.

One whose anger does not inspires anyone, pleasing whom does not deliver profit, and one without authority to punish or reward are nothing, but insignificant.

If a snake is non-poisonous, then too it must pretend like one with ability to take life. (You know your weakness, not your opponent. It might fetch you a victory)

Wise men spend their time reading stories of gamblers in morning (Mahabharata), of women in day (Ramayana), and of a thieves at night(Gita by Shri Krishna).

When it comes about worship then one must offer garland made by himself, sandalwood paste rubbed by his own hands, and singing a self crated songs. (Moral is that worship is a personal matter and there is no point in involving a priest in it)

A cane, fool, oilseed, gold, land, woman, pann, and sandalwood become better and better with rubdowns. (discretion is advised) [others will not complain, but some lady might object. Here, by woman Chanakya points towards the quality of a woman to adjust & adapt. ]

Poverty can easily be dealt with patience. Even ordinary clothes appear nice if clean. Food can be consumed if hot and fresh no matter if not tasty. Similarly a good character is of great significance despite the lack of physical beauty.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 8

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 8

Those who desire only wealth belong to lowest class of people. Who desire wealth and respect are above them. The men who desire honor and respect belong to top most class.

Like a lamp consumes darkness and produces soot, in similar manner the offspring of a person reflect the kind of food consumed by him. (Money must be earned from right sources )

O God, wealth must go in hands of good people. Water in sea is saline, but the water in cloud gives life to all living creatures. In same way the money in hands of good person brings happiness to others, while in hands of wicked ….

One foreign invader is filthy as a thousand scavengers.

One must take bath thoroughly after oil massage, hair cut, sex and attending funeral to become pure.

Education will be useless until it is not put to some practical use. The life of an uneducated person is a total waste. Similar is the case with an army without commander and a wife without husband.

It is a great tragedy to a man whose wife passes in old age, whose money is taken by relative, and who lives on food of others.

Studying Vedas without performing Yajna is useless and performing Yajna without charity is also useless. Person’s spirit must be fully committed while performing religious acts.

Idol of God made of wood, stone or metal must be worshiped as if God is really present in it. God blesses according to the faith you have in him.

God is not present in idols and stones. God resides in soul of all people. Where people pray with full devotion God appear there.

No blessing is bigger than peace. No joy is bigger than contentment.There is no religion bigger than mercy. For a man greed is the worse disease.

Anger is like death. Feeling of revenge is like river of agony. Education provides everything to a man and contentedness is a great blessing.

Good qualities enhance beauty of a person, genteelness adds to glory of ones family. Practical implementation is the biggest tribute to education and spending wisely is a great tribute to ones wealth.

A man with beauty, but no talent is useless. A person with ill-manners brings shame to family. Like money not spent wisely is waste, so is the education that cannot be applied.

Following are considered pious; water coming from ground, an honest wife, a king caring for his subjects, and a Brahmin without greed.

Following are most likely to destroy themselves; a greedy Brahmin, a contented (inactive) king, a coy prostitute and shameless woman.

A great dynasty is not great, if is deprived from educated members. If a person of low birth has knowledge and wisdom then he must be respected like/by nobles.

Everyone respects wise men. They are rewarded with honor and money. A person can attain everything through knowledge. It is worshiped everywhere.

The Earth is in great pains as it is being crushed by animals (humans) like drunkards, idiots and uneducated.

Those Yajnas (religious acts) are like enemy which empty food coffers of a nations, are performed by priests not knowing the meaning of sacred verses, and by organizers who don’t do charity.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 7

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 7

If you are facing loss in business, your heart is broken then it will best not to share the information with others. Also, one must not discuss scandals of family and incidence of getting insulted/cheated.

You should be shameless when it comes about learning something, dealing in business and having food.

You are happy only when your mind it at peace; running after wealth is simply an act of foolishness.

One must be satisfied with whatever he has as wife, wealth, and income. Anyhow one must never get satisfied with the knowledge and act of charity.

One must never get in-between two scholars, fire, husband- wife, master-servant, and a plough & Oxen.

Never touch fire, teacher, virgin, baby, and cow with your feet or else you will face quick destruction.

It is considered safe to be five arms away from a bullock cart, ten arms away from a horse, thousand arms from an elephant. Anyhow, a single wicked person will be a threat in whole country.

You require a goad to tame an elephant, a whip to train a horse, and a stick to control your cattle. In similar manner a wicked person cannot be controlled with mere words. (Sword)

A brahmin becomes happy on viewing tasty food, a peacock on listening rumble of clouds. Also, a person with good soul becomes happy on looking happiness of others while an evil person gains happiness from misfortune of others.

One can appease a stronger enemy and can throw an order to a weaker one. Anyhow, when both of you are equal in strength; act wisely.

The power of a king lies in his sword, the power of a scholar lies in his knowledge and that of a woman lies in her beauty.

Swans live in lakes with blue water and leave it when the lake starts drying. Men must not change their residence so often.

Money earned must kept circulating and put to some good use. Just like the water of a pond having inflow and outflow systems is clean. On the other hand Water-logged ponds collect dirt in them.

Money plays a very significant role in human life. On having money the person is given respect, considered wise, and preferred by women.

Men having faith in God, doing charities, serving Brahmins, and with polite nature enjoy heavenly pleasure in real world.

Men having no command on their tone, in company of wicked persons, and in poverty experience hell even being alive.

A tail of a dog cannot protect its shame nor offers any effective protection against ticks and flies. So is the condition of a man with little knowledge.

A person with polite tone, pure-heart, compassionate, and self disciplined nature is one who qualifies for Nirvana.

Chanakya Neeti - Chapter 6

Chanakya Neeti (The Book) - Chapter 6

The present section includes the points stated by Acharya Chanakya in the 6th chapter of Chanakya neeti. As we all know that Chanakya is well known for his straightforward views, which sometimes appear harsh. Therefore, readers are suggested to use their discretion while enjoying the ideas included below. It must be taken into consideration that philosophy of Acharya Chanakya comes from an era where things were quite different from today. I have no issue in claiming that most of his ideas find relevance in today’s environment as well, but a very few are outdated. So, its time to face some wisdom; have a look over the points stated below:

By listening to the scriptures the person gains knowledge about religion. You can get rid of evil-ideas by talking to a scholar and on following the advice of a guru; you’ll easily reach the door steps of heaven.

Crow is most cunning among birds and a dog is among animals. In sages, the one with short temper is most harmful. Among all, most deadly is the person jealous of you.

A brass pot is purified after treating that with ash and copper by citric. A woman after her periods and rivers after passing through rapids.

A ruler gets fame on visiting different parts of his kingdom, a preacher gets glory by spreading knowledge in foreign territories and same happens with a Yogi traveling distant places. Anyhow, when a woman does something like that then she only meets destruction.

A person with sufficient money make a lot many friends and even more relatives. The interesting part is that he is also considered wise and full of wisdom.

[If money is not everything, then too it’s required for most of the things.]

The kaal [time] consumes every person and everything. It can and it will destroy everything. It’s in action even when you are sleeping. None can escape him.

A person born as blind is unable to see things and similar is the case with people blinded in love. An alcoholic cannot differentiate between good and bad. In same manner a selfish person gets blind under effect of his selfish goals.

A person commits actions and faces the consequence [in this world and in other world ]. Taken births in many forms and after settling everything; merges in Almighty.

A king pays for the sins of his countrymen, royal priest has to pay for the deed of king. A husband has to pay for deed of his wife and a teacher pays for the deeds of his pupils.

A father who leaves leaves debt for children is like an enemy and same principle applies to mother with loose character. Also, a foolish son and beautiful wife become a pain for a man. [double discretion is advised here ]

You can win over a greedy person by offering money, a proud person by covering before him. You can win a foolish by agreeing with him and you can win a scholar by truth only.

It is better not to have a kingdom than having it in bad state. Similarly, it better to have no friends, pupils and wife than having bad ones.

There is no happiness in a kingdom with wicked king; there is no benefit from a deceitful friend. Similarly, there is no happiness in homes where wife quarrel and no benefit from in having bad pupils.

Acharya Chanakya says that every creature has some special qualities from which a human can gain benefit. Below, are a few:
-> Lion: teaches to perform actions wholeheartedly and not not relax until accomplishment of the task.
-> Crane: teaches man to focus and concentrate over the task and act instantaneously upon requirement.
-> Cock: to rise early in the morning, being ready to defend and attack, grabbing ones share and sharing with other.
-> Crow: makes love privately, does not get scared easily, collects things for use in future. is always alert and never trusts anyone.
-> Dog: It can go without food for a while but when finds can overeat in moments. Is alert even in sleep and wakes with slightest sound. It is loyal and fights ferociously when defending his master.
-> Donkey: It works tirelessly and even in harsh weather conditions.

* Chanakya says that any man acquiring those qualities cannot face failure under any circumstance.